The "Perfect Storm" 1 month late minus the hurricane merge

"Here we are in the graze of winter"

John Mellencamp

  Once upon a time,  there was a season for scary combinations of weather systems merging,
the time was October 31 1991:

       Winter's moved in,  what they call an "Arctic blast",  changed the configuration of the entire North American weather map.    Very bitter cold.  This in part created the Perfect Storm of Andrea Gale fame, ode to the fishermen of NE coast who braved it.  

     2016 has same winter blast,  much weaker,  is a coming 40 days late:

ECMWF  portrays coming High pressure "Arctic dome"  originating mainly from Alaska,

a pale shadow of former self, while the Arctic Ocean is currently dominated by a Cyclone which just  kicked out a budding mega cold "dome" forming,  the by-continental merge of cold air zones was cut in two,  leaving Alaskan build up to come down the Rockies path.  However, on the East coast of North America,  a huge Cyclone system will blossom December 9-10 not unlike segments of the Perfect Storm of 91,   but minus Hurricane Merge,  December  being well past hurricane season,  the last one Nicole streamed by Mid-October 2016. 

       Fortunate merge-less system unlike in 1991,  when winter was winter, long lasting and coming early each October, now we have  a different world, again all facing a warming,  all regions bracing for different weather.  Unknown combinations await.  WD December 5,2016

  Last 30 days (from December 7) NOAA temperature anomaly.  North America is not as cold as old November's use to be.

   We have an "Alaskan Cold Dome" slowly moving South,  looking very similar to the 1991 chart above,  40 days late from the Perfect storm date.  Winter is starting late.   CMC 0600 UTC 12/08/2016.   WD  December 8, 2016.

Late one sided winter start, example of what thick sea ice did regularly months earlier, and what happens later when less sea ice is looser pack

We follow here the progression or regression of the first dominant Anticyclone to cover the Arctic Ocean.  In the Past , Siberian cold continental air easily invaded  and teamed up with the other side 

of the world cold dark clear air massive buildups,  the beginning of cold dark winter didn't take long to be felt by millions once they merged.  Now we see first hand the further demise of  early winter:

 CMC Surface analysis November 25 18:00 UTC,  November 26 00, 06 and 1200.   With real cold air in Siberia, normal -45 C, but warmer every where else in the Arctic.  Some North Atlantic Cyclones now repulsed towards and warming the Urals, this was the settled view for years starting in October.    We now have a push block situation,  the Pacific Cyclone is pushing Northwards,  the latest North Atlantic Cyclone blocked and stalling towards Greenland.
For weeks,  there was no wide spanning Highs over the Arctic Ocean.  Now we can surmise the numerous leads amongst thinner sea ice finally freezing.  I watch carefully how strong or enforced this North Pole High will be.  The cold gathered in Siberian darkness wages the spread of winter from darker lands favoring radiation to space.  In Northern Canada,  the Pacific and Atlantic Cyclones continue the warmth initiated by the great sea ice dispersion event of early September just past. WD November 26,2016

   Next day November 27  show a retreat of the High whence it came,  back positioning because Cyclones have influenced the jet stream favoring their return to the Arctic Ocean,  made easier by the warmth still present,  the jet stream is bent along the Eastern Greenlandic line easing the return of North Atlantic Cyclones.WD November 28,2016

   November 28 key Cyclone position Northeast Greenland is a slingshot for the next one to the South, North Pacific Cyclone conspires to do the same,  the Siberian High is much thinned but still resisting the perimeter assault.WD November 29 2016

November 29 Push and Pull is in,   the Cyclone NW of Canadian Archipelago coast has severely weakened the Siberian High,  all while partner from the North Atlantic did the same.    Not really apparent,  the High pressure SE of Greenland has injected tremendous heat Northwards abetting
the push to destroy the Siberian Antiyclone.  Again the Cyclones have hanged about Arctic Ocean locations which warmed the most over summer past.  Coup de grace is about to finish the Siberian cold,  the NW archipelago Low will pull in the Atlantic Low ,  soon the entire Arctic Ocean will be back to clouds and Low pressure warmth.  WDNov30,2016

  Gone, the once proud High pressure zone spanning the entirety of the Arctic Ocean vanished Day November 30.  Ever present Arctic heat has encouraged warm air Advection not only from the seas,  but from Northern Canada.   This is quite unusual,  even 2012 had no such event in Early December darkness.   The temperatures of the entire Troposphere in 2012-13-14 -15 spanned much colder all over the long night.  Americans and Canadians don't know yet how warm this winter is setting up to be.  But they already have had a very warm start of winter,  no sign of industrial planetary sized cold air production even in Eurasia.  Every location is geo-meteorologically linked.  Here again suggests warmest influence from the oceans.  WD December1,2016

Unprecedented Arctic Ocean surface Air warming and computer modeling, are they integrating the sea ice current morphology?

First the unprecedented warming bit.   Autumn early winter 2016 outclasses all others.  DMI North of 80 surface temperature s easily beat 1998, 2007 and 2012 by very wide margins.

We should apparently use this model to predict the next season minima with 66% confidence:

Fall 2011 DMI really didn't give a hint of the coming 2012 summer season melt. 2006 fared quite well,  2015 not so bad.   

ECMWF 500mb animation,  next 7 days along with 2 other models,  GFS and CMC ,  all agree that the incoming Cyclones from the North Atlantic will not happen.  Note the lack of steady position of the 500 mb Lowest thickness.   500 mb  is used here to find the coldest column of air about .    If the 500 mb lowest height was around Southern Greenland,  there would be great flow Northwards.  

CMC surface analysis November 24 1800 UTC,  Culmination of a High mainly built from the Southern Siberia which had -40 C a couple of days ago.    The battle is on,  will the incursion of Cyclones to Pole stopped?  The temperatures at such places as Franz Josef and Spitsbergen are very invitingly warm.  Sea water temperatures of the North Atlantic  are still very High,  over the sea ice,  clouds but clouds despite the 1033 mb High.  Let's see if the great dispersion of sea ice, at  minima 2016,  has finally its impact faded to more normal icescape weather.  WD November 24,2016

Arctic Ocean air in total darkness enormous warmth, even in clear skies with partial North Atlantic air advection.

~Only one thing does that: ocean heat.

CMC Nov 21,  1800 UTC,  Surface Analysis.  Total darkness, varied in location -4 C to -20 C Arctic Ocean temperatures are extremely warm as a whole.  In particular Buoy 48276 ,  -12 C 85 N 90 W,  a place where -30 C is common at this time of the year.    What we see there is a great number of leads, where once was the densest thickest sea ice,  the engine that spurred winter to roar is now mainly  cooled from the South,  the only advection there is cold from land.    The 1024 mb High is not conducive to warming in darkness as well.  The only thing left is the warming from thinner sea ice and these leads,  which under clouds, or making clouds, keep the surface air on top of sea ice warm.

 NOAA HRPT November 21 1500-2200 UTC IR animation.     The warmest air as seen on surface analysis was below denser clouds,  but the open air has absolutely no other heat source but from the Ocean.

          2016 November great Arctic Ocean anomaly is a "dry run" of what an open long night Arctic Ocean would look like.  Cooling in Darkness would take place over Canadian Islands and Greenland,  this bends the Jet Stream Northwards on the East side of Greenland,  effectively driving warm air Cyclones to the North Pole.     In today's current situation,  multiple leads amongst thinner sea ice don't freeze over as rapidly compared with vast extent of older much thicker ice causing deeper quicker freezing and the build up of Anticyclones.  The current flow from the North Atlantic  slows the onset of a normal winter considerably.   The new presence of multiple leads dispersed throughout the Arctic Ocean,  as opposed to in parts as during previous recent warm years,  is similar to a wide open Arctic Ocean,  much tamer now,  but driving the circulation to keep the leads open,  or in the future, to maintain sea water wide open.  WD November 21, 2016  

Dispersed, emaciated, heat diminished sea ice barely holding together as once upon a time. 1988

28 years ago,  Mid-November 1988,  sea ice was fierce,  consolidated,  encouraged the build up of winter.  Its ice was expansive ,  all the way to Spitzbergen,  North of Ellesmere it was the world
of the big lead,  a lunar phased tidal break up,  it was also the time of the famous ring barrier,  a cousin of the big lead,  between Northern most Ellesmere and North-Western.     1988 IR picture above was bitter cold white,  signifying a normal -30 C or colder.  2016 note day after , November 18,shows the ravages from a warmed planet.  The Big Lead does not form because sea ice is extremely de-consolidated.  One Japanese North Pole expedition the following year,  was on ice, just off Ellesmere,  a huge sound was heard by all,  like thunder for hours,  very scary noise.  It was the Big Lead,  opening,  freezing and closing up again within 2 days.  The well equipped expedition shortly thereafter encountered a wall of broken up sea ice shingles, 10 meters above the ice plane, 1 Kilometer wide along the course of the coast for as long as eyes can see.  It took them 1 week
to get through the big lead wall,  1 kilometer a week speed.    2016 offers no such icescape.

    November 17 1988 IR NOAA capture,  note sea ice temperature as white as the land features.  Meaning ,  winter was normally huge,  spread out From Russia to Canada.  A completely different world of weather.

November 18, 2016,    whatever is cold is over Ellesmere and Greenland,  with very little sea ice freezing as much as 1988.  Cyclones dominate the Arctic Ocean.  Spitzbergen is surrounded by open water,  the strait between Northern Ellesmere and Greenland has loose pack ice,  no tidal ring forming.  WD Novenber 19,2016.

2016 Warmest mid-November Troposphere

  Day November 14 ,  2012 through 2016,  a snapshot in time at 600 mb (close to the average temperature of the entire troposphere).  2016 easily exceeds 2012 in warmth,  note where the
densest sea ice should be,  North of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago,  2016 warmest by 10 to 12 C.
It is an undeniable reflection of the state of sea ice,  swamped by mainly Atlantic cyclones,  which have dramatically slowed the refreeze,  but a stronger presence of thicker sea ice with less leads do the opposite,  repulse Cyclones.

  The year  for Nov 14 with the lowest expansive Arctic Ocean Pressure was again by far  2016.
WD Nov 17, 2016

Dark Horizons, latest cutting edge refraction analysis

~ New equipment allows to capture horizon with sun as low as  -11 degrees below A.H.
~Very latest data suggests 2016 has exceedingly thin sea ice.

        A series of observations on the ground and within the air itself may help explain surface based thermal inversions,  of which a significant player is sea ice and snow cover.

        Darkness offers ideal thermal flux studies,  largely because inconsistent rapid changes by clouds and sun radiation from varying elevations can change the thermal balance quickly.  Without the sun,  we can literally see how thick sea ice is because the only heat source is mostly from the Ocean even if covered by ice and snow insulation.    If sea ice is thinner,  more heat escapes from  it by conduction, convection and IR rays.   But the very top of sea ice surface can have the same temperature but was never observed warmer than surface air,  triggering a prime optical refraction rule: - top of sea ice is always colder or equal in temperature to surface air- ,  as observed in all observation captures so far,  this is just as so in darkness as well.

     It is also known that the upper air temperature profile maximum point increases in altitude in direct proportion to how cold the lower atmosphere is.  The higher the warmest air layer  altitude is on a given upper air profile, the lesser it can influence the surface temperature below,  the steeper the surface based inversion usually becomes, in optical response the horizon rises.    Warmer oceans than air right above always cause the surface to air interface to be adiabatic,  freezing of sea ice surface marks the beginning of a different lower atmospheric profile,  isothermal at first,  then progressively after, surface based inversions start to dominate and eventually persist all winter  except for advection from long night Cyclonic intrusions.
 

November 11 2015 (darker image),  had about 1 arc minute higher horizon elevation compared to 2016 November 15.    As such,  Nov 2016 had warmer temperature -20.3 than 2015 -24.5 C.  Photo captures were done with older telescope (darker image) and more powerful  newer telescope (brighter image).    So far, all comparisons with previous years in brighter very early February captures suggest a very thin sea ice at present.  WD (Nov 15,2016).     

Creeping Northwards winter faces the new world order of open water

~The fight is on,  but Darkness will make winter win.

   18 z CMC Nov12 2016,  the flow of warmed air over open water meets the coldest of this winter yet from Siberia.    There has to be cooling in darkness, especially over land areas.   And so it happened.  In the not so distant past the Arctic Ocean the Arctic Ocean was solid frozen at this moment,  winter easily spread Northwards making a much more fierce winter core for the rest of the Northern Hemisphere.     Now winter gets isolated,  its basic macro geometry has changed.

  1045 mb High with temperatures as cold as -36 C meets the ice free Oceans,  but its the one from the North which shapes or stalls it.  Up to 15 degrees or more warming.  Bending and shaping the anticyclone.   On a wider planetary scale,   the climate is altered significantly from a past which wouldn't have this open water at all.  Again as of last decade or so,  winter has started within the Northern Continents,  as so, within the last dozen years,  all kinds of strange weather came about,  this year will be weirder because the causation from lesser thinner sea ice is bigger than ever. WD Nov12,2016

Not enough North Pole Old multiyear sea ice to make Arctic Siberia normally bitter cold

  Imagine a parcel of air moving like a box on a very long transpolar conveyor belt 2 meters above sea and ice.  In the box there is a thermometer.   This is how we can judge how effective sea ice is in cooling warm air coming from the very warm North Atlantic:

CMC 12 UTC November 6, 2016 surface analysis.  Demonstrates a meek cooling over sea ice of about 14 C over a very long distance by way of the North Pole (1200 Nautical Miles).  Then after,  the remaining Pacific sector open water warms the parcel more than +12 C.  Rendering Northeastern Siberia unusually warmer  than Central Siberia,  where winter has started in full. WD November 7, 2016

Astounding Dark Arctic Night heat

    The main feature of the last 2 days was abnormally warm Arctic Ocean surface temperatures.    But look further at this NOAA animation capture.   There is a lot of clear air in complete darkness,  not that clear air is totally moisture free:

    Closer to 0 kg of precipitable water per meter square, over the greater Arctic appears to be quite normal;

     The Arctic +5.91 C anomaly is dwarfed 3 times by the Arctic Ocean surface air anomaly,  yet again without a complete massive cloud cover in total darkness.   This leaves mainly one source,
the Arctic Ocean itself,  it means that there is a supply of steady heat from a badly broken up sea ice very slowly consolidating to new ice the multiple thousands of heat giving water leads seen above.WD